Hyper reflexia

Definition

Hyper reflexia has two different uses

• Deep tendon reflex increasing
• General decreasing of body excitation threshold

Tendon reflex or T-reflex

• The stretch reflex or muscle stretch reflex (MSR), when the stretch is created by a blow upon a muscle tendon. This is the commonly used definition of the term. Albeit a misnomer, in this sense a common example is the standard patellar reflex or knee-jerk response. Stretch reflex tests are used to determine the integrity of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, and they can be used to determine the presence of a neuromuscular disease.

Note that the term "deep tendon reflex", if it refers to the muscle stretch reflex, is a misnomer. "Tendons have little to do with the response, other than being responsible for mechanically transmitting the sudden stretch from the reflex hammer to the muscle spindle. In addition, some muscles with stretch reflexes have no tendons (e.g., "jaw jerk" of the masseter muscle)".

• The Golgi tendon reflex, which is a reflex to extensive tension on a tendon; it functions to protect musculoskeletal integrity. The sensory receptors for this reflex are anatomically located deep in the tendon, while the sensory receptors for the MSR are inside the muscle. Therefore, the Golgi tendon reflex can be referred to as the deep tendon reflex.

Miasms

• CJD
• EEE/ WEE
• FFI
• GSS
• HIV
• HTLV-1
• JE
• NVCJD

General hyper reflexia

• Overactive bodily reflexes.
• Examples include Twitching / Spastic tendencies, which indicate disease of the upper motor neurons and disinhibition (Lessening or loss of control ordinarily exerted by higher brain centers of lower neural pathways).

Causes

• Spinal-cord injury (Autonomic dysreflexia) is the most common cause
• Side effects of drugs and stimulants
• Hyperthyroidism
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Serotonin syndrome
• Severe brain trauma
• Multiple sclerosis
• Reye syndrome
• Preeclampsia