PIV, Para Influenza virus

Clinic

• Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza.
• HPIVs are a paraphyletic group of four distinct single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family.
• These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease.
• Here we name it PIV (Parainfluenza Virus)

Classification

The first HPIV was discovered in the late 1950s. The taxonomic division is broadly based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, forming four major serotypes or clades, which today are considered distinct viruses. These include:

Virus	Abbrivation	Notes
Human parainfluenza virus type 1	HPIV-1	Most common cause of croup
Human parainfluenza virus type 2	HPIV-2	Causes croup and other upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses
Human parainfluenza virus type 3	HPIV-3	Associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia
Human parainfluenza virus type 4	HPIV-4	Includes subtypes 4a and 4b

Clinical significance

• Upper respiratory tract illness, such as cold and a sore throat.
• HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 are causative agent behind croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
• HPIV-3 has been closely associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia
• Febrile seizures
• Meningitis
• Guillain–Barré syndrome

PIV in brief

• Main Regions: Respiratory system, Ear
• Generality: Profuse Perspiration, Sleeplessness. Irritability

Entities

• Vision Dim

• Otitis media: Ear Pain.

• Tonsillitis: Throat Inflammation. Swelling of tonsils. Coryza, Face Heat, Nausea

• Laryngitis: Larynx Hoarseness of voice
• Bronchiolitis. Pneumonia. Tracheitis, Asthma:
  • Respiration Wheezing, Rales. Rhonchi
  • Steeple sign in Radiography: It is produced by the presence of edema in the trachea, which results in elevation of the tracheal mucosa and loss of the normal shouldering (lateral convexi- ties) of the air column (1). Index terms: Larynx, abnormalities

• Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis ): Repeated of spasmodic croup, Stridor, Barking Cough

• Vestibular neuritis