Uveitis

Clinic

• It is an entity along with other eye entities
• It is inflammation of the uvea.
• Anatomically describing, it is divided into anterior, intermediate or posterior, or panuveitic.
• Anterior uveitis is the most common which includes iridocyclitis and iritis. Iritis is the inflammation of the anterior chamber and iris. Iridocyclitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body with inflammation predominantly confined to the ciliary body. Between 66% and 90% of uveitis cases are anterior in location (iritis).
• Intermediate uveitis, also known as pars planitis, consists of vitritis—which is inflammation of cells in the vitreous cavity, sometimes with snowbanking, or deposition of inflammatory material on the pars plana. There are also "snowballs," which are inflammatory cells in the vitreous.
• Posterior uveitis or chorioretinitis is the inflammation of the retina and choroid.
• Panuveitis is the inflammation of all layers of the uvea.

Infectious causes

• MTB
• Brucellosis
• VZV
• Leptospirosis
• Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
• Syphilis
• Toxocariasis (Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis)
• Lyme disease
• Zika fever

Related disease

• Sympathetic ophthalmia
• Behçet disease
• Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis
• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
• HLA-B27 related uveitis
• Ankylosing spondylitis)
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome

• Enthesitis
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease)
• Whipple's disease
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Polyarteritis nodosa
• Kawasaki's disease
• Chronic granulomatous disease / Sarcoidosis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease

• Neoplasms (Retinoblastoma, Lymphoma, Melanoma, Leukemia, Reticulum cell sarcoma)

White dot syndromes

Occasionally, uveitis is not associated with a systemic condition: the inflammation is confined to the eye and has unknown cause. In some of these cases, the presentation in the eye is characteristic of a described syndrome, which are called white dot syndromes, and include the following diagnoses:

• acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
• birdshot chorioretinopathy
• multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis
• multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
• punctate inner choroiditis
• serpiginous choroiditis
• acute zonal occult outer retinopathy

Masquerade syndromes

Masquerade syndromes are those conditions that include the presence of intraocular cells but are not due to immune-mediated uveitis entities. These may be divided into neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions

Signs / Symptoms

• Eye pain
• Eye redness
• Floaters
• Blurred vision
• Dilated ciliary blood vessels
• Presence of cells in the anterior chamber
• Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency that requires urgent control of the inflammation to prevent vision loss.
• Ciliary flush
• Keratic precipitates
• Hypopyon in anterior uveitis, seen as yellowish exudation in lower part of anterior chamber of eye
• Vascularised posterior synechia

Miasms

CMV

EBL / MRBG

EBV

HSV-1

HTLV-1

LBB

LSSV

MTB

Remedies

Ign