View source for Diplopia

=== Clinic ===

* Diplopia is the medical term for '''double vision''' or '''seeing double'''
* The etiology of diplopia is either eye misalignment if diplopia is binocular or an optical phenomenon if it is monocular. Eye misalignment can occur due to a variety of causes. 
* Innervation to extraocular muscles is provided by the 3rd, 4th, and 6th cranial nerves; thus, all three have to be working well on each side in order to maintain both eyes in the primary position and aligned with each other.  
* The nuclei of all three of these cranial nerves originate in the brainstem (3rd and 4th in the midbrain and 6th in the pons).    
* Diplopia can be one of the first signs of a systemic disease, particularly to a muscular or neurological process, and it may disrupt a person's balance, movement, or reading abilities.

=== Causes ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Infectious/ Autoimmune
!Neurological
!Drugs
!Ophthalmologic
!Others
|-
|Botulism



|Atypical parkinsonisms Esp 

* MSA 
* Progressive supranuclear palsy

|Haloperidol
|Cataract
|Sinusitis
|-
|Diabetes
|Damaged 3th, 4th & 6th cranial nerve
|Fluphenazine
|Lasik complications

|Abscess
|-
|Graves disease
|Migraine headaches
|Chlorpromazine 
|[[Keratoconus]]
|Trauma
|-
|GBS
|Strabismus
|Cannabis
|[[Aniseikonia]]
|
|-
|Lyme disease
|Increased ICP (compressing 6th cranial nerve)
|Opioids
|
|
|-
|MS
|[[Anisometropia]]
|Drunkenness
|
|
|-
|Myasthenia gravis
|[[Wernicke Encephalopathy|Wernicke's syndrome]]
|Salicylism
|
|
|-
|Orbital myositis
|Brain tumor
|Antipsychotics 
|
|
|-
|
|
|Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
|
|
|}


=== Related [[Diseases list|disease]] ===
* [[Myasthenia gravis entities|Myasthenia gravis]]  
* [[Guillain-Barré syndrome entities|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]  
*Papilledema  


=== Related [[Entities list|entities]] ===
* [[Ptosis miasms|Ptosis]] 
* [[Ophthalmoplegia miasms|Ophthalmoplegia]] 
* [[Face palsy miasms|Face palsy]]  


=== [[Miasm list|Miasms]] ===
* [[SHBV, Herpes B Virus|SHBV]] 
* [[STLE, St Louis Encephalitis|STLE]]
*[[LBB, Lyme Borreliosis Bacterium|LBB]]



== Remedies ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Repertory
!
!Photophobia
!Eye pain
!Headache
|-
|'''Due to Eye Injury (Bruise)'''
|
=== [[Arn, Arnica Montana|Arn]] ===
|
* Diplopia+  Vertigo and agg upon looking downwards. 
* Eye feels painful
* Eyes also feel 
|
|
* Sore/ Red/ Swollen/ 
* Heaviness / Great weight
* Shooting/ Tearing Pain
|
* Headache
|-
|'''With Headache'''
|
=== [[Gels, Gelsemium sempervirens|Gels]] ===
|
* Diplopia mostly when looking sideways. 
* Maybe ptosis
* Weak eyesight. 
* Diplopia + astigmatism.
* Vertigo 
|
|
* Eyeballs feel sore when moved
* Heaviness of eyes
|
* Pain above eyes and across the forehead
* Band like sensation is felt around the head
* Fullness in the head
|-
|'''Diplopia with Squint'''
|
=== [[Zinc, Zincum Metallicum|Zinc]] ===
|
* Left eye is more affected compared to the right eye. 
* In addition to double vision, the objects may also appear elongated. 
* Weak Eyes/ Dim vision. 
|
|
* Pain
* Dryness 
|
|-
|'''With [[Ptosis]]'''
|
=== [[Caust, Causticum|Caust]] ===
|
* Diplopia may worse on looking sideways 
| +
|
* Eyelids feel heavy
* Pressing pain
* Dryness in eyes
|
|-
|'''With Weak Eyes'''
|
=== [[Nat-m, Natrium muriaticum|Nat-m]] ===
|
* There is eye strain, and the eyes get tired upon reading or writing. 
* The vision may be blurred and the eye muscles get weak. 
|
|
* Eyelids feel heavy along with a pain in the eyes.
|
|-
|'''With [[Vertigo]]'''
|
=== [[Phyt, Phytolacca Decandra|Phyt]] ===
|
* Dimness of vision, 
| ++
|
* Dull pain in eyes
|Severe Headache
|-
|'''With Eye Pain''' 
|
=== [[Bell, Belladona|Bell]] ===
|
* Objects may also feel crooked with double vision.  
* The eye pain agg by movement. 
| +++
|
* Deep eyes pain
* Shooting/ Aching / Stinging
* Eyes dryness + Burning sensation
|Pain in Forehead / Temple along with Inflammation/ Ulcer of cornea.
|-
|'''Vertical Diplopia'''
|
=== [[Syph, Syphilinum|Syph]] ===
|
* One image of an object is seen lower than the other 
* Eye Pain agg at night time. 
* Droopy eyelids + Strabismus
|
| +++
|
|-
|'''Horizontal Diplopia'''
|
=== [[Puls-n, Pulsatilla Nigricans|Puls-n]] ===
|
* Double vision
* Complaint of keratoconus 
| +++
|
* Stitches in eyes
* Pressure in eyes 
* Dryness of eyes
|
|}