View source for LMN, Lower Motor Neuron

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===Clinic===
*LMN nerve fibers traveling from the lower motor neuron(s) in the Anterior horn of the spinal cord, or in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, to the relevant muscle(s).
*[[Upper motor neuron, UMN|UMN]] (Upper motor neurons) are often efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the cerebral cortex to either the [[Brainstem|brain-stem]] or the spinal cord.
*LMN lesions are characterized [[Hypotonia miasms|Hypotonia]] or flaccid opposed to UMN lesions which present with hypertonia or spastic paralysis.


===Entities===
*Muscle paresis or paralysis / Strength decreased
*Fibrillations
*[[Fasciculation|Fasciculations]]
*[[Hypotonia miasms|Hypotonia]] or Atonia
*[[Hypo reflexia]]
*Ascent extensor plantar reflex


=== Causes ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Dynamic 
!Miasms
!Static
|-
|
* [[GBS, Guillian Barre syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
* ''C. botulism''
* [[ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis remedies|ALS]]
* [[Progressive muscular atrophy]]
* [[Monomelic amyotrophy]]
|Viruses that selectively attack ventral horn cells such as
*[[WNE, West Nile Encephalitis|WNE]]
*[[PLV, Polio Virus|PLV]]
|
* Trauma to peripheral nerves
* Cauda equina syndrome
|}

===Differential diagnosis===
*[[Myasthenia gravis]]

*[[Hypotonia]] / [[Flaccid Paralysis|Flaccidity]]
*Ipsilateral (same side) weakness of individual muscles.
*Atrophy
*Weak or absent deep tendon plantar reflexes and abdominal reflexes
*Fasciculations (Twitching)