REM sleep: Difference between revisions

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=== Clinic ===
=== Clinic ===


* '''Rapid eye movement sleep''' ('''REMS''') is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.
* Rapid eye movement sleep, also known as paradoxical sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves.
* REM phase is also known as '''paradoxical sleep''' ('''PS''') and sometimes '''desynchronized sleep or dreamy sleep''', because of physiological similarities to waking states including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves.  
* It represents a smaller portion of total sleep time.
* It is the main occasion for dreams (or nightmares)
* It is associated with desynchronized and fast brain waves, eye movements, loss of muscle tone, and suspension of homeostasis.
* REM  is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds.
*Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem, and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.  
*Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem, and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.  
*Experiences of REM sleep are not transferred to permanent memory due to absence of norepinephrine.
*Experiences of REM sleep are not transferred to permanent memory due to absence of norepinephrine.
*REM sleep is physiologically different from the other phases of sleep, which are collectively referred to as non-REM sleep (NREM sleep, NREMS, synchronized sleep).
*Absence of visual and auditory stimulation (sensory deprivation) during REM sleep can cause hallucinations.
*Absence of visual and auditory stimulation (sensory deprivation) during REM sleep can cause hallucinations.
*REM and non-REM sleep alternate within one sleep cycle, which lasts about 90 minutes in adult humans. As sleep cycles continue, they shift towards a higher proportion of REM sleep.
*The transition to REM sleep begins with electrical bursts called "ponto-geniculo-occipital waves" (PGO waves) originating in [[Brainstem|brain stem]].  
*The transition to REM sleep brings marked physical changes, beginning with electrical bursts called "ponto-geniculo-occipital waves" (PGO waves) originating in the brain stem.  
*REM sleep occurs 4 times in a 7 hour sleep.  
*REM sleep occurs 4 times in a 7 hour sleep.  
*Organisms in REM sleep suspend central homeostasis, allowing large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation and circulation which do not occur in any other modes of sleeping or waking. The body abruptly loses muscle tone, a state known as REM atonia.
*Organisms in REM sleep suspend central homeostasis, allowing large fluctuations in respiration, [[Thermoregulatory disorder|thermoregulation]] and circulation which do not occur in any other modes of sleeping or waking.  
*Body abruptly loses muscle tone, a state known as REM atonia.

Latest revision as of 03:33, 2 April 2023

Clinic

  • Rapid eye movement sleep, also known as paradoxical sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves.
  • It represents a smaller portion of total sleep time.
  • It is the main occasion for dreams (or nightmares)
  • It is associated with desynchronized and fast brain waves, eye movements, loss of muscle tone, and suspension of homeostasis.
  • REM is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds.
  • Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem, and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.
  • Experiences of REM sleep are not transferred to permanent memory due to absence of norepinephrine.
  • Absence of visual and auditory stimulation (sensory deprivation) during REM sleep can cause hallucinations.
  • The transition to REM sleep begins with electrical bursts called "ponto-geniculo-occipital waves" (PGO waves) originating in brain stem.
  • REM sleep occurs 4 times in a 7 hour sleep.
  • Organisms in REM sleep suspend central homeostasis, allowing large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation and circulation which do not occur in any other modes of sleeping or waking.
  • Body abruptly loses muscle tone, a state known as REM atonia.
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