Autonomic neuropathy

Clinic

• AN or AAN is a form of polyneuropathy that affects Autonomic nervous system
• It is a series of entities
• Most common cause is diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2.
• In most—but not all—cases, autonomic neuropathy occurs alongside other forms of neuropathy, such as sensory neuropathy.
• Autonomic neuropathy is one cause of malfunction of the autonomic nervous system referred to as dysautonomia, but not the only one;

Signs and symptoms

• Urinary bladder conditions:
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Urinary retention which happens due to the uncoordinated contraction of the bladder.
  • Neurogenic bladder is a broad term used to describe this dysfunction.
• Gastrointestinal tract:
  • Dysphagia
  • Abdominal pain
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Malabsorption
  • Fecal incontinence
  • Gastroparesis
  • Diarrhea, constipation
• Cardiovascular system:
  • Tachycardia, Bradycardia
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Inadequate increase of heart rate on exertion
• Respiratory system:
  • Central sleep apnea
  • Hypopnea
  • Bradypnea
• Nervous system:
  • Pupillary defect
  • Exaggerated hippus
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness.
• Other areas:
  • Hypoglycemia unawareness
  • Genital impotence
  • Sweat disturbances
  • Sicca (dryness).
• Absence of signs of cerebellar dysfunction or parkinsonian symptoms as the presence of either would indicate the more serious disease of multiple system atrophy.

Causes

Dynamic	Static
Diabetes Parkinson's disease Parkinson's Plus diseases including Multiple system atrophy Lewy body dementia Multiple sclerosis Autoimmune diseases Sjögren syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis Celiac disease Guillain–Barré syndrome Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy Certain infectious diseases: Botulism Lyme disease HIV	Nerves injury certain medications (Chemotherapy) Amyloidosis Paraneoplastic syndrome Certain hereditary disorders