Panic attacks

Clinic

• According to TLT, panic attacks is an entity, which is characterized by Sudden periods of intense fear
• Typically, symptoms reach a peak within ten minutes of onset, and last for roughly 30 minutes, but the duration can vary from seconds to hours.
• Although they can be extremely frightening and distressing, panic attacks themselves are not physically dangerous.
• Dysregulation of the norepinephrine system in Locus coeruleus, an area of the brain stem, has been linked to panic attacks.

Causes

Dynamic	Static
OCD (Obsessive-compulsive disorder) PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder)	POTS (Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome) Hypoglycemia Hyperthyroidism Wilson's disease Mitral valve prolapse Pheochromocytoma Labyrinthitis Hyperventilation syndrome Psychological stressors Substance use disorder

Sign / Symptoms

Sympathetic Overactivation	Hyperventilation	Others
Palpitation / Tachycardia. Sweating Chest Pain / Discomfort Trembling Hot flashes, Cold flashes, Burning sensations (particularly in the facial or neck area) Nausea Hypertension. Tachypnea. Depersonalization/ Derealization	Shortness of breath Dizziness Numbness / Paresthesias / Tingling Confusion Sensations of choking or smothering, difficulty moving, Light-headedness, Heavy-headedness	Fear of dying or heart attack Flashing vision or other visual disturbances Loss of body control Tunnel vision Strong urge to escape

Related disease

• Agoraphobia

• Social anxiety disorder
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Substance use disorder
• Depression, and medical problems. They can either be triggered or occur unexpectedly. Smoking, caffeine, and psychological stress increase the risk of having a panic attack. Before diagnosis, conditions that produce similar symptoms should be ruled out, such as hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, heart disease, lung disease, drug use, and dysautonomia.

Panic attack vs Anxiety

• Panic attacks are distinguished from other forms of anxiety by their intensity and their sudden, episodic nature.
• They are often experienced in conjunction with anxiety disorders and other psychological conditions
• Panic attacks are not generally indicative of a mental disorder.

Repertory

Acute PA	PA + Fear of Death	PA in Public Places	PA over upcoming Events	PA in Closed Spaces	PA + Fear of Heart Disease
Acon Kali-ars	Acon Ars Phos	Lyc Arg-n	Med Lyc	Gels Rhus-t	Kali-ars Spong

Remedies

		Etiology	Mental state
Fear of Death	Acon	Sudden + Great intense Fear of Death/ Dying. He believes he will die soon, he even predicts the day of his death.	Great restlessness + Anxiety and tosses and turns in agony Fear and inconsolable anxiety
	Ars	Anxiety about his health, fears getting some incurable disease.	PA worsens during night.
	Phos	PA + Fear of death, esp when left alone. Fears something bad will happen to him.	He wants sympathy
Heart disease	Kali-ars	Panic attacks due to fear of acquiring a life-threatening disease. Fear of heart disease (MI)	Startled looks/ Anxious face/ Protruding eyes Strong fear of something going wrong. Mental/ Physical restlessness + Dyspnea
	Spong	Pain in the heart region + Dyspnea
Upcoming Events	Med	PA in anticipation of upcoming events where a person gets into a state of severe panic, esp ahead of the time set for the event.
	Lyc	PA during public speaking and stage fright. Fear of strangers / Men Fear of being alone	Suitable for PA from constant fear of breaking down under stress
Public places
	Arg-n	Panic attacks from fear of high buildings, esp the fear of projecting corners of buildings.
Closed places	Gels	Anticipation of an unusual ordeal with lack of courage Fear of losing self-control	Nervous dread of appearing in public.
	Rhus-t	Esp at night.	Weeping without any reason Great restlessness at night

Other remedies

• Lob
• Stram