Apraxia remedies

Clinic

• Apraxia is characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements
• It is a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain esp posterior parietal cortex in which the individual has difficulty with the motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked, provided that the request or command is understood and the individual is willing to perform the task.
• The nature of the brain damage determines the severity, and the absence of sensory loss or paralysis helps to explain the level of difficulty.
• It is related to NMDR encephalitis.

Types

• Apraxia of speech (AOS): Difficulty planning and coordinating the movements necessary for speech
  • Miams: CJD
• Limb-Kinetic Apraxia: The inability to perform precise, voluntary movements of extremities E.G tying their shoes, or typing on a computer. This type is common in patients who have experienced a stroke, some type of brain trauma, or have Alzheimer disease.
• Rubric: Ext, Inccordination
• Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia: This is the most common type of apraxia and is the inability to carry out Facial/ Tongue / Cheeks / Lips / Pharynx / Larynx movements on demand. E.G in licking his lips, winking, or whistling.
• Constructional apraxia: The inability to Draw / Construct / Copy simple configurations.
• Gait apraxia: Loss of ability to have normal function of the lower limbs such as walking. This is not due to loss of motor or sensory functions.
• Ideomotor apraxia: These patients have deficits in their ability to plan or complete motor actions that rely on semantic memory. They are able to explain how to perform an action, but unable to "imagine" or act out a movement such as "pretend to brush your teeth" or "pucker as though you bit into a sour lemon." However, when the ability to perform an action automatically when cued remains intact, this is known as automatic-voluntary dissociation. For example, they may not be able to pick up a phone when asked to do so, but can perform the action without thinking when the phone rings.
• Ideational/conceptual apraxia: Patients have an inability to conceptualize a task and impaired ability to complete multistep actions. This form of apraxia consists of an inability to select and carry out an appropriate motor program. For example, the patient may complete actions in incorrect orders, such as buttering bread before putting it in the toaster, or putting on shoes before putting on socks. There is also a loss of ability to voluntarily perform a learned task when given the necessary objects or tools. For instance, if given a screwdriver, the patient may try to write with it as if it were a pen, or try to comb their hair with a toothbrush.
• Oculomotor apraxia: Difficulty moving the eye on command, esp with saccade movements that direct the gaze to targets. This is one of the 3 major components of Balint's syndrome.

Causes

• Apraxia is most often due to a lesion located in the dominant (usually left) hemisphere of the brain, typically in the frontal and parietal lobes due to stroke, Trauma or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease / Dementias, Parkinson's disease, or Huntington's disease.

Note

• There is reliable relation between NMDR encephalitis and Apraxia. The only good miasm of NMDR encephalitis is JE.
• Researches show the relation of JE with apraxia.
• CJD is also related to Apraxia.