Catathrenia

Also named nocturnal groaning
It is a sleep-related breathing disorder consisting of
- End-inspiratory apnea (breath holding)
- Expiatory groaning during sleep
Catathrenia begins with a deep inspiration. He holds his breath against a closed glottis, similar to the Valsalva maneuver.
Expiration can be slow and accompanied by sound caused by vibration of the vocal cords or a simple rapid exhalation.
Despite a slower breathing rate, no oxygen desaturation usually occurs.
The moaning sound is usually not noticed by himself, but it can be extremely disturbing to sleep partners.
It appears more often during expiration REM sleep than in NREM sleep.
Catathrenia is distinct from both somniloquy (sleep talking) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
The sound is produced during exhalation, as opposed to snoring, which occurs during inhalation.

Catathrenia has been defined as a parasomnia , although it has been removed from the this category recently.

Vocal sound: Sounds are usually a short or long vocalization of the same letter (mainly an [a], [e], [o] sound or something in between).
Contrary to snoring which has only formants, catathrenia has also harmonics and show more regular and similar patterns between nights.
Appearing during expiration: The sounds show up exclusively on expiration and are interrupted during inspiration.
Unawareness of the problem
No predisposing factors or etiology have been demonstrated.
The duration of the groaning sound varies from 2 to 49 s.

RBS: I decide to categorize RBD based on their underlying miasm. Sleep paralysis / Catathrenia is one of them and the best miasm is RBS because of making strange voice in his throat

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