Hand foot and mouth disease

Painful and red blisters on the throat, tongue, gums, hard palate and inside the cheeks and palms and feet

• HFMD is a viral illness commonly seen in young children, characterized by fever, vomiting, ulcerative lesions in oral mucosa, and vesicles on hands and feet.
• The early symptoms resolve but sometimes, it leads to more harsh neurological complications and even death.
• This review represents 6 countries, 15 studies with a total of 1043 patients were included.
• The majority of HFMD cases with neurological complications were reported in boys, with 97% cases under 15 years of age.
• Meningoencephalitis and brainstem encephalitis contributed 70% of all neurological complications
• Human Enterovirus71 was a causative agent associated with severe complications.
• Among symptoms, fever, vomiting, myoclonic jerks or seizure, headache, convulsion, and rashes were reported in almost all neurological complications.

• We conducted a retrospective hospital-based cohort study of HFMD patients with CNS complications caused by EV-A71 or CV-A16 between 2010 and 2016.
• Patients were classified into three groups, including
  • CNS only (24 cases from all 176 patients)
  • Autonomic nervous system dysregulation (133 cases from all 176 patients)
  • Cardiorespiratory failure (19cases from all 176 patients)