Limbic encephalitis entities

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Clinic

  • It is an autoimmune encephalitis, maybe related with cancer.
  • Although the disease is known as "Limbic" encephalitis, it is seldom limited to the limbic system.
  • It is classified according to the auto-antibodies:
    • Anti-Hu: Associated with small-cell carcinoma of the lungs.
    • Anti-Ma2: Associated with germ-cell tumours of the testis.
    • Anti-NMDAR: JE


Classification

  • Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PNLE): It is caused by cancer or tumor, and may be treated by removal of the tumor.
  • Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (NPLE): It is not associated with cancer. More common than PNLE, it is caused by an infection (commonly HSV), auto-immune disorder.


Symptoms / Signs

  • Hallmark: Short-term memory deficits
  • Headache
  • Irritability
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Delusions, hallucinations, agitation, psychosis
  • Seizures


Entities