Limbic encephalitis entities
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Clinic
- It is an autoimmune encephalitis, maybe related with cancer.
- Although the disease is known as "Limbic" encephalitis, it is seldom limited to the limbic system.
- It is classified according to the auto-antibodies:
- Anti-Hu: Associated with small-cell carcinoma of the lungs.
- Anti-Ma2: Associated with germ-cell tumours of the testis.
- Anti-NMDAR: JE
Classification
- Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PNLE): It is caused by cancer or tumor, and may be treated by removal of the tumor.
- Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (NPLE): It is not associated with cancer. More common than PNLE, it is caused by an infection (commonly HSV), auto-immune disorder.
Symptoms / Signs
- Hallmark: Short-term memory deficits
- Headache
- Irritability
- Sleep disturbance
- Delusions, hallucinations, agitation, psychosis
- Seizures
Entities