View source for ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder entities

=== Autism Spectrum ===
* [[Autism entities|Autism]]
* [[Asperger's disorder entities|Asperger's disorder]] 
* [[CDD, Childhood disintegrative disorder entities|Childhood disintegrative disorder]]
* PDD: [[PDD NOS entities|Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified]]

* Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. 
* It is described as a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life.
* According to''DSM-5'' ASD often have:

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|Social communication / interaction behaviors

* Joint attention
* Speech problems
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* Eye contact
* Decreased sharing interest, emotion, enjoyment of Objects / Activities 
* Not responding to his name  
* Difficulties with conversation / understanding others
* Displaying wrong facial expressions, movements, and gestures
* Unusual tone of voice that may sound sing-song or flat and robot-like
* Difficulties adjusting behaviors to social situations
* Difficulties sharing in imaginative play or in making friends
|Sensory Ataxia
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|Restrictive / repetitive behaviors
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* Repeating certain behaviors or having unusual behaviors / words (''echolalia'')
* Intense interest in specific topics
* Overt focused interests with moving objects 
* Do not tolerate slight changes 
* Being more sensitive or less sensitive than other people to sensory input, such as light, sound or temperature
|Impaired Cognition
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|Sleep problems and irritability. (83.3%)
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* Questionnaire studies report the presence of various parasomnia in ASD
* The results showed significantly more [[NREM Related Parasomnias|non-REM parasomnias]] 
* ASD, characterized by increased spontaneous arousals, prolonged REM latency and reduced REM percentage. <ref>Ming X, Sun YM, Nachajon RV, Brimacombe M, Walters AS. Prevalence of parasomnia in autistic children with sleep disorders. Clin Med Pediatr. 2009 Jan 22;3:1-10. doi: 10.4137/cmped.s1139. PMID: 23818789; PMCID: PMC3676289.</ref>
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|Motor signs (60–80%)
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* Poor muscle tone
* Poor motor planning
* Toe walking
* Deficits in motor coordination are pervasive across ASD and are greater in autism proper. 
|Gait abnormalities
Awakwardness

Incoordination
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|Unusual eating behavior (75%)
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* Selectivity is the most common problem, although eating rituals and food refusal also occur.


|Behavioral Change
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|Gender dysphoria
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* Autistic males are more likely to identify as bisexual
* Autistic females are more likely to identify as homosexual
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|Gastrointestinal problems
|are one of the most commonly co-occurring medical conditions in autistic people. These are linked to greater social impairment, irritability, language impairments, mood changes, and behavior and sleep problems.
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|Articulation/phonological difficulties
|[[Speech Apraxia]] is common in ASD. (66%)

Phonological impairment (Atypical phonological processes)

Delayed development


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|CJD
JE
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|Psychosis (34. 8%)
|There is strong evidence for the existence of a high comorbidity between autism and psychosis with percentages reaching up to 34. 8%<ref>Front. Psychiatry, 28 February 2022

Sec. Schizophrenia

<nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.768586</nowiki></ref>
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|Reflexes
|[[Tendon guard reflex]]
Retained [[Primitive Reflexes]]
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