Osteoporesis: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 03:04, 23 March 2023
Clinic
- Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk.
- Pathological fracture
Post- Node
Note that Osteoporosis is often is a post-Node sign of Mal absorbtion of Calcium / Vit-D due to many causes such as
- Estrogen deficiency following menopause or Ovarian failure
- Excessive alcohol / Tobacco smoking
- Vitamin D deficiency: Hyperparathyroidism, increased parathyroid hormone
- Malnutrition
- Underweight/ Inactive
- Heavy metals: Higher cadmium exposure results in osteomalacia
- Soft drinks contain phosphoric acid
- Proton pump inhibitors (such as lansoprazole, esomeprazole, and omeprazole), which decrease the production of stomach acid
- Protein losing enteropathy [1]
Causes
- Osteoclasts, the only cells with bone resorption functions in vivo, maintain the balance of bone metabolism by cooperating with osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation.
- Excessive activity of osteoclasts causes many diseases such as [2]
- Osteoporosis
- Periprosthetic osteolysis
- Bone tumors
- Paget's disease
- MTB [3]
Miasms
There are tow approaches:
- ↑ Li XP, Shen WB, Long MQ, Meng XW, Lian XL, Yu M. Osteomalacia and osteoporosis associated with primary intestinal lymphangiectasis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 May;125(10):1836-8. PMID: 22800909.
- ↑ Bi H, Chen X, Gao S, Yu X, Xiao J, Zhang B, Liu X, Dai M. Key Triggers of Osteoclast-Related Diseases and Available Strategies for Targeted Therapies: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017 Dec 20;4:234. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00234. PMID: 29326938; PMCID: PMC5742334.
- ↑ Liu W, Zhou J, Niu F, Pu F, Wang Z, Huang M, Zhao X, Yang L, Tao P, Xia P, Feng J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection increases the number of osteoclasts and inhibits osteoclast apoptosis by regulating TNF-α-mediated osteoclast autophagy. Exp Ther Med. 2020 Sep;20(3):1889-1898. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8903. Epub 2020 Jun 18. PMID: 32782497; PMCID: PMC7401307.
- ↑ Xiang J, Rauch DA, Huey DD, Panfil AR, Cheng X, Esser AK, Su X, Harding JC, Xu Y, Fox GC, Fontana F, Kobayashi T, Su J, Sundaramoorthi H, Wong WH, Jia Y, Rosol TJ, Veis DJ, Green PL, Niewiesk S, Ratner L, Weilbaecher KN. HTLV-1 viral oncogene HBZ drives bone destruction in adult T cell leukemia. JCI Insight. 2019 Oct 3;4(19):e128713. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.128713. PMID: 31578308; PMCID: PMC6795409.