Bronchiolitis: Difference between revisions
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=== Clinic === | |||
* It is inflammation of the small airways in the lungs | |||
* Symptoms may include fever, cough, runny nose, wheezing, and breathing problems. More severe cases may be associated with nasal flaring, grunting, or the skin between the ribs pulling in with breathing. If the child has not been able to feed properly, signs of dehydration may be present. | |||
'''Chronic bronchiolitis''' is the general term used for small airways disease in adults, notably in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | |||
Acute bronchiolitis is usually the result of infection by respiratory syncytial virus (72% of cases) or human rhinovirus (26% of cases). Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms. Tests such as a chest X-ray or viral testing are not routinely needed. | |||
There is no specific treatment. Symptomatic treatment at home is generally sufficient. Occasionally, hospital admission for oxygen, support with feeding, or intravenous fluids is required. Tentative evidence supports nebulized hypertonic saline.<sup>[''needs update'']</sup> Evidence for antibiotics, antivirals, bronchodilators, or nebulized epinephrine is either unclear or not supportive. | |||
About 10% to 30% of children under the age of two years are affected by bronchiolitis at some point in time. It commonly occurs in the winter in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the leading cause of hospitalizations in those less than one year of age in the United States. The risk of death among those who are admitted to hospital is about 1%. Outbreaks of the condition were first described in the 1940s. | |||
=== Signs and symptoms === | |||
* Crackles or wheeze are typical findings on listening to the chest with a stethoscope. | |||
* Tachypnea | |||
* Hypoxia / Cyanosis | |||
* Dyspnea | |||
=== Note === | |||
* There are many sign / Symptoms such as nasal flaring, fever, rhinorrhea and cough which is related to Bronchiolitis. | |||
* But these are not directed caused by Bronchiolitis, but they are Sign/ Symptoms of Viral infections such as RSV, RNV or RBOL. Note that Bronchiolitis is one but not the only entity that is caused by these viruses | |||
=== Related disease === | |||
* [[Asthma entities|Asthma]] | |||
* [[Bronchitis]] | |||
* [[Pneumonia]] | |||
=== Miasms === | === Miasms === | ||
[[RNV, Rhinovirus|RNV]] | |||
# [[HMPV, Human Metapneumovirus|HMPV]], [[RBOL, Measles, rubeola|RBOL]], [[RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus|RSV]] | |||
# [[ADV, Adenovirus|ADV]], [[CXA, CXB, ECH, Coxsackie viruses & Echoviruses|CXB]], [[PIV, Para Influenza virus|PIV]], [[RNV, Rhinovirus|RNV]] | |||
Revision as of 09:28, 2 May 2023
Clinic
- It is inflammation of the small airways in the lungs
- Symptoms may include fever, cough, runny nose, wheezing, and breathing problems. More severe cases may be associated with nasal flaring, grunting, or the skin between the ribs pulling in with breathing. If the child has not been able to feed properly, signs of dehydration may be present.
Chronic bronchiolitis is the general term used for small airways disease in adults, notably in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Acute bronchiolitis is usually the result of infection by respiratory syncytial virus (72% of cases) or human rhinovirus (26% of cases). Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms. Tests such as a chest X-ray or viral testing are not routinely needed.
There is no specific treatment. Symptomatic treatment at home is generally sufficient. Occasionally, hospital admission for oxygen, support with feeding, or intravenous fluids is required. Tentative evidence supports nebulized hypertonic saline.[needs update] Evidence for antibiotics, antivirals, bronchodilators, or nebulized epinephrine is either unclear or not supportive.
About 10% to 30% of children under the age of two years are affected by bronchiolitis at some point in time. It commonly occurs in the winter in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the leading cause of hospitalizations in those less than one year of age in the United States. The risk of death among those who are admitted to hospital is about 1%. Outbreaks of the condition were first described in the 1940s.
Signs and symptoms
- Crackles or wheeze are typical findings on listening to the chest with a stethoscope.
- Tachypnea
- Hypoxia / Cyanosis
- Dyspnea
Note
- There are many sign / Symptoms such as nasal flaring, fever, rhinorrhea and cough which is related to Bronchiolitis.
- But these are not directed caused by Bronchiolitis, but they are Sign/ Symptoms of Viral infections such as RSV, RNV or RBOL. Note that Bronchiolitis is one but not the only entity that is caused by these viruses