Ophthalmoplegia: Difference between revisions
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**Fourth (CN-4, Trochlear) | **Fourth (CN-4, Trochlear) | ||
**Sixth (CN-6, Abducens) | **Sixth (CN-6, Abducens) | ||
=== Sign / Symptoms === | === Sign / Symptoms === | ||
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* Trochlear paralysis involve superior oblique, causes a vertical deviation of the affected eye. | * Trochlear paralysis involve superior oblique, causes a vertical deviation of the affected eye. | ||
* Abducens nerve paralysis affects lateral rectus, therefore the affected eye turns inward toward the nose and cannot fully turn outward. | * Abducens nerve paralysis affects lateral rectus, therefore the affected eye turns inward toward the nose and cannot fully turn outward. | ||
=== Causes === | === Causes === | ||
Latest revision as of 00:10, 28 January 2024
Clinic
- It is an entity, also called extraocular muscle palsy
- It usually involves three cranial nerves
- Third ( CN-3, Oculomotor)
- Fourth (CN-4, Trochlear)
- Sixth (CN-6, Abducens)
Sign / Symptoms
Double vision is the characteristic symptom in all three cases.
- In oculomotor paralysis, the eye drifts outward and slightly downward and has difficulty turning inward and upward. In addition, ptosis is occurred. Also pupil may be enlarged
- Trochlear paralysis involve superior oblique, causes a vertical deviation of the affected eye.
- Abducens nerve paralysis affects lateral rectus, therefore the affected eye turns inward toward the nose and cannot fully turn outward.
Causes
- Congenital abnormalities, trauma, tumours
- MS
- Vascular disease such as that associated with diabetes
- Myasthenia gravis