Spasticity: Difference between revisions

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=== Clinic ===
=== Clinic ===
*Spasticity is characterized by Muscular Hypertonia / Muscle-stiffness
*Spasticity is an entity that has Sign / Symptoms
*It might interfere with Movement / Speech or Discomfort / Pain
*#Paralysis
*Along with [[Hyper reflexia]] and [[Clonus]], it is a part of [[UMN, Upper Motor Neuron|UMN]] entity.
*#Hyper reflexia  
*It is often used interchangeably with [[hypertonia]].
*#Hypertonia
*It is dependent on the Muscle speed and range of motion and manifests itself when the muscle contracts at high speed. This means that when the speed and amplitude of contraction exceeds the threshold, Spasticity occurs
 


* Spasticity ends in tightness, stiffness or pull" of muscles
* It results from the loss of inhibition of UMN, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction.
* Spastic [[cerebral palsy]] is the most common form of CP
* UMN disease contain Spasticity and [[clonus]] as two separate entities.
* Depends on the location, Spasticity might cause problem in Movement / Speech or Pain
* It depends on Muscle speed and range of motion. It manifests itself when the muscle contracts at high speed. This means that when the speed and amplitude of contraction exceeds the threshold, Spasticity occurs


=== Diagnostic Characters ===
=== Diagnostic Characters ===
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*Strength dependent: Increasing the strength of muscle stretch reflex causes the muscle to contract with greater intensity and power in response to stretching, and this contraction has a direct relationship with the strength of stretching. In this condition, spasticity is occurred.
*Strength dependent: Increasing the strength of muscle stretch reflex causes the muscle to contract with greater intensity and power in response to stretching, and this contraction has a direct relationship with the strength of stretching. In this condition, spasticity is occurred.


=== Entity / Miasm ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!GSS
!CJD
|-
|Paralysis
| +++
| +++
|-
|Paralysis, Spastic
| +++
| +++
|-
|Hyper reflexia
| +++
| +++
|-
|Spasm
| +++
| +++
|}


=== Analogues ===
* Spasticity mostly occurs in CNS disorders affecting UMN in the form of a lesion or syndrome
Spasticity  has two analogues:
* It can also be present in various types of multiple sclerosis or neuromuscular cerebral palsy


# [[Rigidity miasms|Rigidity]]:  Spasticity is Velocity-dependent but rigidity is not
=== Mechanism ===
# [[Spasm miasms|Spasm]]: It is necessarily painful opposite to Spasticity. Also Spasticity has them of paralysis opposite to Spasm


* One factor that is thought to be related to spasticity is the stretch reflex
* Combination of decreased inhibition and an increased depolarized state of cell membranes, decreases action potential threshold for nerve signal conduction, and thus increases activity of structures innervated by the affected nerves (spasticity).
* Muscles affected in this way have many other potential features of altered performance in addition to spasticity, including
** Muscle ''weakness''
** Decreased movement contro
** Clonus
** Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
** Decreased endurance


=== Related entities ===
=== Related entities ===
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* [[Parkinson disease]]
* [[Parkinson disease]]
* MS
* CP

Revision as of 08:30, 5 May 2023

Clinic

  • Spasticity is an entity that has Sign / Symptoms
    1. Paralysis
    2. Hyper reflexia
    3. Hypertonia
  • Spasticity ends in tightness, stiffness or pull" of muscles
  • It results from the loss of inhibition of UMN, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction.
  • Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of CP
  • UMN disease contain Spasticity and clonus as two separate entities.
  • Depends on the location, Spasticity might cause problem in Movement / Speech or Pain
  • It depends on Muscle speed and range of motion. It manifests itself when the muscle contracts at high speed. This means that when the speed and amplitude of contraction exceeds the threshold, Spasticity occurs

Diagnostic Characters

  • Asymmetric: Because it involves the antagonist muscles
  • Velocity-dependent: It increases tonic stretch reflexes and tendon jerks, resulting from hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex
  • Strength dependent: Increasing the strength of muscle stretch reflex causes the muscle to contract with greater intensity and power in response to stretching, and this contraction has a direct relationship with the strength of stretching. In this condition, spasticity is occurred.

Entity / Miasm

GSS CJD
Paralysis +++ +++
Paralysis, Spastic +++ +++
Hyper reflexia +++ +++
Spasm +++ +++
  • Spasticity mostly occurs in CNS disorders affecting UMN in the form of a lesion or syndrome
  • It can also be present in various types of multiple sclerosis or neuromuscular cerebral palsy

Mechanism

  • One factor that is thought to be related to spasticity is the stretch reflex
  • Combination of decreased inhibition and an increased depolarized state of cell membranes, decreases action potential threshold for nerve signal conduction, and thus increases activity of structures innervated by the affected nerves (spasticity).
  • Muscles affected in this way have many other potential features of altered performance in addition to spasticity, including
    • Muscle weakness
    • Decreased movement contro
    • Clonus
    • Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
    • Decreased endurance

Related entities


Related disease

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