Truncal ataxia
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Clinic
- Truncal ataxia is a gait characterized by uncertain starts and stops, lateral deviations and unequal steps.
- It is an instability of the trunk and often seen during sitting.
- It is most visible when shifting position or walking heel-to-toe.
- It affects proximal muscles such as trunk, shoulder girdle and hip girdle.
- Truncal ataxia is different from appendicular ataxia. Appendicular ataxia affects the movements of the arms and legs. It is caused by lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres.
Causes
Truncal ataxia is caused by midline damage to the cerebellar vermis.
Dynamic causes
- Cerebellar ataxia
- Multiple sclerosis
- Post viral cerebellar ataxia
- GSS
- Rett syndrome
Static causes
- Alcohol intoxication
- Cerebral infarction
- Cerebral hemorrhage
- Friedreich's ataxia
- Drugs such as Benzodiazepines, Lithium, Phenytoin
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 1
- Branchial myoclonus
- Christianson syndrome
- Dandy–Walker syndrome
- Dysequilibrium syndrome
- Epilepsy
- Episodic ataxia: EA is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sporadic bouts of ataxia (severe discoordination) with or without myokymia
- Machado–Joseph disease: It is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cerebellar ataxia, which results in a lack of muscle control and coordination of the upper and lower extremities.
- Microcephaly
- N-acetylaspartate deficiency
- Neuhauser–Eichner–Opitz syndrome
- Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
- Polymicrogyria
- Spinocerebellar ataxia
- Vertebral dissection