Nightmare disorder

Clinic

• Also known as dream anxiety disorder characterized by frequent nightmares.
• Nightmares, which often portray the individual in a situation that jeopardizes their life or personal safety, usually occur during the REM sleep.
• Though most people have experienced at least one nightmare during their life, subjects with nightmare disorder experience them with a greater frequency.
• Nightmare disorders are included in the group of parasomnias

Signs / Symptoms	Characteristics	Comorbidity
During the nightmare, the sleeper may scream and yell out things. He is often awakened by these threatening, frightening dreams and can often vividly remember their experience. Upon awakening, the sleeper is usually alert and oriented within their surroundings, but may have an increased heart rate and symptoms of anxiety, like sweating. They may have trouble falling back to sleep for fear they will experience another nightmare. Nightmares have deep effect on everyday tasks Recurring episodes of awakening while recalling the intensely disturbing dream manifestations which usually result from fear or anxiety, but can also be triggered by anger, sadness, disgust, and other dysphoric emotions.	Fear is the most frequent emotion associated with nightmares, even if other emotions such as sadness, anger, and confusion can also be present. Presence of frequent nightmares that imply danger for the person and impact mood in a negative way is needed. When waking up from nightmares, the person behaves in an alert way. The disorder has to have a significant impact on the patient's personal, social or professional functioning, in areas like mood, sleep, cognition, behaviour, fatigue, family and occupation.	50- 70% of the cases for PTSD, 17.5% for depression, 18.3% for insomnia, 16.7% for schizophrenia 49% for borderline personality disorder Sleep disorders such as night terrors, chronic insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing

Related diseases	Nightmare disorder vs Sleep terror disorder	Nightmare disorder vs Bad dreams
Insomnia HypochondriasisParasomnias Sleep talking Sleep walking Panic attacks	Nightmare disorders can be confused with sleep terror disorders. After a sleep terror episode, the patient wakes up with more dramatic symptoms than with a nightmare disorder, such as screaming and crying. In sleep terror disorders, they don't remember the reason of the fear, while in nightmare disorder, they remembers it by details. Sleep terrors usually occur during NREM Sleep Nightmare disorder usually occur during the REM sleep.	Bad dreams have less emotional intense. Nightmares contain more scenes of aggression than bad dreams and more unhappy endings. Nightmares have more fear than with bad dreams.

Remedies

Top remedies in children	Calc	Children who dream of monsters They have strong fears of being observed. Dreams of misfortune, disasters and groundless fears of financial loss.
	Aloe	Bad dreams of danger where the child is so terrified he is unable to cry. The child has dreams of soiling himself.
	Phos	Nightmares in children with restlessness over work they could not finish during the day. Sleepwalking
Immediately on Falling sleep	Cann-i	Immediately after falling asleep Nightmares + Jerking of limbs that waking the person from sleep.
	Gels	Night terrors from the nose being blocked and dry.
	Nit-ac
	Kali-p	Bad dreams + Sighing / Moaning sounds.
Death of loved ones	Hydrog	Dreams of death of loved ones, esp children.
	Equisetum	Nightmares of crowds of people surrounding him
	Ars	Dreams of death or dead people.
	Calc-f	Nightmares of death of relatives.
Misfortune	Calc
	Graph	In case of persistent thoughts where the person is haunted by unpleasant issues and dwells on disagreeable occurrences of the past at night,
	Lyc	Bad dreams about losing power
Being poisoned	Ars	Persistent fear of disease, germs, viruses Fear of being harmed by poisoning
	Kreos	Feeling pain in the limbs and sleeplessness which gets worse before midnight.
	Kali-n	Constant dreaming is interrupted by episodes of waking up. Uneasy dreams of being poisoned or Being in dangerous situations.
Sexual abuse	Cench	Nightmares of Sexual abuse / Rape. Constant nightmares of committing rape as well.
	Sep	Rape Being pursued Chased by a knife Waking with screams at night from frightful dreams
	Staph	Wakes up extremely frightened, pushes things away, wants everyone to leave his room and often calls for his mother.