LBB, Lyme Borreliosis Bacterium

Cryoglubulinemia

Clinic

• Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a vector-borne disease caused by Borrelia bacteria, which are spread by ticks in the genus Ixodes.
• The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards.
• The rash is typically neither itchy nor painful. Approximately 70–80% of infected people develop a rash.
• Other early symptoms may include fever, headaches and tiredness. If untreated, symptoms may include loss of the ability to move one or both sides of the face, joint pains, severe headaches with neck stiffness or heart palpitations. Months to years later, repeated episodes of joint pain and swelling may occur. Occasionally, shooting pains or tingling in the arms and legs may develop. Despite appropriate treatment, about 10 to 20% of those affected develop joint pains, memory problems, and tiredness for at least six months.

Signs / Symptoms

Early localized infection	Early disseminated infection	Late disseminated infection
Erythema migrans (EM) rash at the site of a tick bite, often near skin folds such as the armpit, groin, or back of the knee, on the trunk, under clothing straps, or in children's hair, ears, or neck. The rash is usually circular or oval, red or bluish, and may have an elevated or darker center. The rash gradually clears from the center toward the edges, possibly forming a "bull's eye" pattern. The rash may feel warm, but usually is not itchy, is rarely tender or painful, and takes up to four weeks to resolve if untreated. Fatigue, headache, body aches, fever, and chills, but usually not nausea or upper-respiratory problems.	Transient muscle pains and joint pains In 10–15% neuroborreliosis such as: Lymphocytic meningitis: Neck rigidity + Photophobia + Very low fever. Cranial neuritis: Facial palsy, Bel's palsy Radiculopathy: Pain and less often weakness, numbness, or altered sensation in the areas of the body served by nerves connected to the affected roots, e.g. limb(s) or part(s) of trunk. Mononeuritis multiplex Up to 76.5% tinnitus Vertigo and dizziness (53.7%) Hearing loss (16.7%) Partial loss of vision Rarely, confusion, abnormal gait, ocular movements, or speech, impaired movement, impaired motor planning, or shaking. 0.3–4% carditis Borrelial lymphocytoma, a purplish lump that develops on the ear lobe, nipple, or scrotum.	Lyme arthritis occurs in up to 60% of untreated people, usually affects only one or a few joints, often a knee or possibly the hip, other large joints, or the temporomandibular joint. Usually, large joint effusion and swelling occur, but only mild or moderate pain. Without treatment, swelling and pain typically resolve over time, but periodically return. Baker's cysts may form and rupture. Rare peripheral neuropathy was described that included numbness, tingling, or burning starting at the feet or hands and over time possibly moving up the limbs. Lyme encephalopathy is associated with Subtle memory and cognitive difficulties Insomnia, a general sense of feeling unwell Changes in personality. Problems such as depression and fibromyalgia are as common in people with Lyme disease as in the general population. There is no compelling evidence that Lyme disease causes psychiatric disorders, behavioral disorders (e.g. ADHD), or developmental disorders (e.g. autism). Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans is a chronic skin disorder observed primarily in Europe among the elderly. It begins as a reddish-blue patch of discolored skin, often on the backs of the hands or feet. The lesion slowly atrophies over several weeks or months, with the skin becoming first thin and wrinkled and then, if untreated, completely dry and hairless. It is also associated with peripheral neuropathy.

Researches

Autism