Seronegative neuromyelitis optica entities

Clinic

Anti-MOG antibodies have been described in some patients with NMOSD who were negative for the aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) antibody. However, NMOSD is an astrocytopathy, whereas MOG antibody-associated disease is an oligodendrocytopathy, suggesting that these are two separate pathologic entities. Rare cases have been described of patients with antibodies against both AQP4 and MOG. These patients typically have MS-like brain lesions, multifocal spine lesions and optic nerve atrophy. However, the coexistence of both antibodies is still a matter of ongoing debate.