Spasticity: Difference between revisions

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=== Clinic ===
=== Clinic ===
*Spasticity is an entity that has Sign / Symptoms
*Spasticity is an entity characterized with excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction
*#Paralysis
* It results from the loss of inhibition of UMN, and ends in tightness, stiffness or pull of muscles
*#Hyper reflexia
* [[UMN, Upper Motor Neuron|UMN disease]] contain Spasticity and [[Clonus]] as two separate entities.
*#Hypertonia
* Spasticity naturally depends on Muscle speed and range of motion. It manifests itself when the muscle contracts at high speed. This means that when the speed and amplitude of contraction exceeds the threshold, Spasticity occurs
* Depends on the location, Spasticity might cause problem in Movement / Speech or Pain


* Spasticity ends in tightness, stiffness or pull" of muscles
* It results from the loss of inhibition of UMN, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction.
* Spastic [[cerebral palsy]] is the most common form of CP
* UMN disease contain Spasticity and [[clonus]] as two separate entities.
* Depends on the location, Spasticity might cause problem in Movement / Speech or Pain
* It depends on Muscle speed and range of motion. It manifests itself when the muscle contracts at high speed. This means that when the speed and amplitude of contraction exceeds the threshold, Spasticity occurs


=== Diagnostic Characters ===
=== Diagnostic Characters ===
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!GSS
!GSS
!CJD
!CJD
!JE
!EEE/WEE
!HTLV-1
|-
|-
|Paralysis
|Paralysis, Spastic
| +++
| +++
| +++
| +++
| +++
|-
|Paralysis, Spastic
| +++
| +++
| +++
| +++
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| +++
| +++
| +++
| +++
|-
| +++
|Spasm
| +++
| +++
| +++
| +++
|}
|}
Why I do not Spasm as a symptom of Spasticity?
* Spasm is an entity itself
* Pain of Spasticity is not a dynamic symptom, but is a static/ Mechanical symptoms caused by muscular stretching


* Spasticity mostly occurs in CNS disorders affecting UMN in the form of a lesion or syndrome
 
=== Causes ===
* It mostly occurs in CNS disorders affecting UMN in the form of a lesion or syndrome
* It can also be present in various types of multiple sclerosis or neuromuscular cerebral palsy
* It can also be present in various types of multiple sclerosis or neuromuscular cerebral palsy
* Spastic [[cerebral palsy]] is the most common form of CP


=== Mechanism ===
=== Mechanism ===
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* Muscles affected in this way have many other potential features of altered performance in addition to spasticity, including  
* Muscles affected in this way have many other potential features of altered performance in addition to spasticity, including  
** Muscle ''weakness''
** Muscle ''weakness''
** Decreased movement contro
** Decreased movement control
** Clonus  
** Clonus  
** Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
** Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
** Decreased endurance
** Decreased endurance


=== Related entities ===
=== Related entities ===
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* [[Clonous|Clonus]]
* [[Clonous|Clonus]]
* [[Fasciculation]]
* [[Fasciculation]]
* [[Myoclonus entities|Myoclonus]]
* [[Myoclonus]]
* Twitching
* Twitching
* [[Rigidity]]
* [[Rigidity]]
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* [[Parkinson disease]]
* [[Parkinson disease]]
* MS
* [[MS, Multiple Sclerosis|MS]]
* CP
* [[CP, Cerebral palsy|CP]]

Revision as of 09:18, 5 May 2023

Clinic

  • Spasticity is an entity characterized with excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction
  • It results from the loss of inhibition of UMN, and ends in tightness, stiffness or pull of muscles
  • UMN disease contain Spasticity and Clonus as two separate entities.
  • Spasticity naturally depends on Muscle speed and range of motion. It manifests itself when the muscle contracts at high speed. This means that when the speed and amplitude of contraction exceeds the threshold, Spasticity occurs
  • Depends on the location, Spasticity might cause problem in Movement / Speech or Pain


Diagnostic Characters

  • Asymmetric: Because it involves the antagonist muscles
  • Velocity-dependent: It increases tonic stretch reflexes and tendon jerks, resulting from hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex
  • Strength dependent: Increasing the strength of muscle stretch reflex causes the muscle to contract with greater intensity and power in response to stretching, and this contraction has a direct relationship with the strength of stretching. In this condition, spasticity is occurred.

Entity / Miasm

GSS CJD JE EEE/WEE HTLV-1
Paralysis, Spastic +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
Hyper reflexia +++ +++ +++ +++ +++

Why I do not Spasm as a symptom of Spasticity?

  • Spasm is an entity itself
  • Pain of Spasticity is not a dynamic symptom, but is a static/ Mechanical symptoms caused by muscular stretching


Causes

  • It mostly occurs in CNS disorders affecting UMN in the form of a lesion or syndrome
  • It can also be present in various types of multiple sclerosis or neuromuscular cerebral palsy
  • Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of CP


Mechanism

  • One factor that is thought to be related to spasticity is the stretch reflex
  • Combination of decreased inhibition and an increased depolarized state of cell membranes, decreases action potential threshold for nerve signal conduction, and thus increases activity of structures innervated by the affected nerves (spasticity).
  • Muscles affected in this way have many other potential features of altered performance in addition to spasticity, including
    • Muscle weakness
    • Decreased movement control
    • Clonus
    • Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
    • Decreased endurance


Related entities


Related disease

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