- During the nightmare, the sleeper may scream and yell out things.
- He is often awakened by these threatening, frightening dreams and can often vividly remember their experience.
- Upon awakening, the sleeper is usually alert and oriented within their surroundings, but may have an increased heart rate and symptoms of anxiety, like sweating.
- They may have trouble falling back to sleep for fear they will experience another nightmare.
- Nightmares have deep effect on everyday tasks
- Recurring episodes of awakening while recalling the intensely disturbing dream manifestations which usually result from fear or anxiety, but can also be triggered by anger, sadness, disgust, and other dysphoric emotions.
|
- Fear is the most frequent emotion associated with nightmares, even if other emotions such as sadness, anger, and confusion can also be present.
- Presence of frequent nightmares that imply danger for the person and impact mood in a negative way is needed.
- When waking up from nightmares, the person behaves in an alert way.
- The disorder has to have a significant impact on the patient's personal, social or professional functioning, in areas like mood, sleep, cognition, behaviour, fatigue, family and occupation.
|
- 50- 70% of the cases for PTSD,
- 17.5% for depression,
- 18.3% for insomnia,
- 16.7% for schizophrenia
- 49% for borderline personality disorder
- Sleep disorders such as night terrors, chronic insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing
|